Free Template

Variance Analysis Template

A structured variance analysis template that compares actual results to budget for every P&L line item. Includes absolute and percentage variance, RAG status indicators, price/volume decomposition for revenue, and commentary fields for explanations. For a step-by-step guide, read [Building Your First BvA Report](/blog/building-first-bva-report), and learn [how to set smart variance thresholds](/blog/budget-variance-thresholds). Use the [budget variance calculator](/tools/budget-variance-calculator) alongside this template, and see a fully annotated [variance report example](/examples/variance-report-example) for best-practice formatting.

What's included

Everything in this template

  • Line-by-line budget vs actual comparison
  • Absolute and percentage variance calculations
  • RAG status indicators (green/amber/red)
  • Price/volume decomposition for revenue variances
  • Commentary fields for material variances
  • Monthly and year-to-date views

Template preview

See the structure

fx=Actual - Budget
Line Item
Budget
Actual
Variance
Product Revenue
£320k
£335k
+£15k
Service Revenue
£80k
£72k
-£8k
Staff Costs
(£185k)
(£190k)
-£5k
Marketing
(£28k)
(£22k)
+£6k
Net Income
£92k
£98k
+£6k

Step by step

How to use this template

1

Import budget and actual figures

Enter or import your approved budget and month-end actual figures for every P&L line item.

2

Review calculated variances

The template calculates both absolute (£) and relative (%) variance for each line. Positive variances on revenue are favourable; positive variances on costs are unfavourable.

3

Apply RAG status

The template automatically flags variances: green (<5%), amber (5-10%), red (>10%). Adjust thresholds to match your organisation's tolerance.

4

Add root cause commentary

For each amber or red item, add a brief explanation of the root cause and any corrective action being taken.

5

Present to stakeholders

Use the summary view for leadership presentations and the detailed view for finance team analysis. Focus discussion on the material variances.

Watch out

Common mistakes to avoid

Treating all variances equally — focus analysis effort on material items only

Confusing favourable and unfavourable — revenue under budget is unfavourable, cost under budget is favourable

Not decomposing variances into price and volume components for revenue lines

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FAQ

Frequently asked questions