Example

Cost Allocation Example

A 180-person professional services firm in London with £14M revenue and four operating departments: Consulting, Advisory, Technology, and Research. Central costs (IT, HR, Finance, Facilities) totalling £1.8M per year need to be allocated to each department for true profitability analysis.

Example data

Financial model

Shared Cost
Total
Consulting
Advisory
Technology
Research
IT Support
£480k
£168k
£120k
£144k
£48k
HR
£320k
£128k
£80k
£80k
£32k
Finance
£420k
£147k
£105k
£126k
£42k
Facilities
£580k
£174k
£145k
£174k
£87k
Total Allocated
£1,800k
£617k
£450k
£524k
£209k
IT Support

IT allocation uses headcount as the driver. Technology department gets a higher per-head allocation (£2.3k vs £2.7k average) because their developers use more expensive software licences.

Facilities

Facilities is the largest shared cost (£580k) and is allocated by square footage. Research occupies a smaller lab space, so receives a proportionally lower allocation despite having meaningful headcount.

Total Allocated

After allocation, Consulting absorbs £617k of shared costs. This reduces its departmental margin from 42% (direct only) to 28% (fully loaded) -- a significant impact on true profitability.

Formulas

Key formulas

fxIT Allocation = IT Cost * (Dept Headcount / Total Headcount)

IT costs allocated by headcount because IT support correlates with the number of people. Consulting (35%) gets the largest share with 63 of 180 employees.

fxFacilities Allocation = Facilities Cost * (Dept Sqft / Total Sqft)

Facilities allocated by square footage occupied. Technology and Consulting share the largest allocation because they occupy the most floor space.

fxHR Allocation = HR Cost * (Dept Headcount / Total Headcount)

HR costs also driven by headcount, though some companies weight by recruitment activity or employee turnover rate for a more refined allocation.

Analysis

What makes this example good

Each shared cost uses a driver that reflects actual consumption
Allocation drivers are transparent and can be verified
Enables true departmental profitability analysis
Separates direct costs from allocated costs for clearer management
Consistent methodology applied across all shared services

Customisation

How to adapt for your business

1

Choose allocation drivers that best reflect causality in your business

2

Add a "direct charge" layer for costs that can be attributed to a specific department

3

Use a step-down method if shared services serve each other

4

Include a management override option for one-off costs

5

Show both "before allocation" and "after allocation" margins for each department

Common variations

  • --Activity-based costing with multiple cost pools and activity drivers
  • --Revenue-based allocation for simplicity
  • --Headcount-only allocation for fast-growing companies
  • --Reciprocal allocation method for complex shared service structures

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

The best method uses drivers that reflect actual consumption. Headcount-based allocation is the most common and easiest to maintain. Activity-based costing is more accurate but requires more effort. Choose the level of sophistication that matches your company's size and complexity.

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